In the context of the transformation of El Salvador under Bukele's leadership, its relationship with China remains limited and contradictory.
Contrary to what many expected when El Salvador severed ties with Taiwan and recognized the People's Republic of China in 2018, Beijing's economic and strategic influence in the country is still more limited than anticipated.
Dr. Robert Evan Ellis argues that the economic and security transformation driven by President Nayib Bukele has not been a direct result of the relationship with China, but rather of strengthening internal policies, improving the security climate, and a pragmatic management of international relations.
China has financed and built emblematic projects, such as the National Library and the new National Stadium, which hold significant symbolic value. However, these projects have not translated into a dominant economic presence, nor into a decisive role in private investments driving Salvadoran growth.
The analysis also highlights that Bukele has sought to maintain a balanced relationship with the United States, avoiding strategic cooperation with Beijing that could generate tensions with Washington. This caution explains, in part, why the Chinese presence continues to be significant from a diplomatic point of view, but relatively contained in economic and security matters.
The Salvadoran case demonstrates that establishing diplomatic relations with China does not automatically guarantee decisive economic or geopolitical influence. For Robert Evan Ellis, El Salvador's experience reflects that national priorities and the balance between Washington and Beijing continue to shape the real extent of Chinese presence in Central America.
We recommend reading the full article by Dr. Robert Evan Ellis by following this link https://thediplomat.com/2026/06/chinas-limited-advance-in-el-salvador/
R. Evan Ellis is a senior associate researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS).
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