Jesús Daniel Romero and William Acosta for Poder & Dinero and FinGurú
Introduction
The radicalization of active military members and those discharged from military service in the United States represents a significant challenge in terms of national security. This report aims to analyze the severity of this problem by identifying key cases and exploring the various factors that contribute to radicalization. Understanding these dynamics is essential for developing effective counter-radicalization strategies that can prevent future incidents.
Overview of the Problem
Radicalization is defined as the process by which individuals adopt extremist beliefs, which often leads to violent or terrorist actions. Former and current service members may be especially vulnerable to this process of radicalization due to a variety of factors, such as exposure to combat situations, the psychological trauma associated with wartime experiences, and a sense of disillusionment regarding the values of the government or society in general.
Notable Cases of Radicalization
Below is a detailed list of significant cases involving former or current service members who have carried out terrorist acts or have been involved in extremist activities. These cases are organized chronologically, and a brief narrative for each is included.
Shamsud-Din Jabbar
Date: January 1, 2025
Location: New Orleans, Louisiana
Story: On New Year's Day, Shamsud-Din Jabbar, a 42-year-old Army veteran, drove a rented truck into a crowded celebration on Bourbon Street, resulting in 14 deaths and 35 injuries. Jabbar had previously expressed his support for ISIS on social media, and the FBI confirmed that the attack was a premeditated act of terrorism. Following the vehicle attack, a shootout with police occurred before Jabbar was killed. His history included multiple personal issues, such as financial problems and mental health challenges.
Tesla Cybertruck Incident
Date: January 1, 2025
Location: Nevada
Story: A Tesla Cybertruck driven by a former soldier named Joshua Hargrove was used in an explosive event in Nevada linked to his radicalization. Hargrove, who had expressed extremist beliefs in online forums, perpetrated an attack that left several injured. This incident underscores the need to pay attention to emerging risks associated with radicalization in the digital realm.
Self-Immolation Incident
Date: Early 2023
Location: U.S. Embassy, Tunisia
Story: A U.S. Marine Corps veteran, struggling with unemployment and mental health issues, set himself on fire in front of the U.S. Embassy in Tunisia. Witnesses reported that he expressed frustration regarding U.S. policies under the Biden administration and social injustices before the act. This tragedy highlighted the mental health crisis among veterans and raised concerns about the radicalization that can arise from personal grievances. The veteran did not survive his injuries, leading to discussions about the urgent need to improve available mental health resources.
Levi King
Date: 2018
Location: California
Story: Former Army reservist Levi King was convicted of conspiring to carry out an attack on a mosque in California. His radicalization process was influenced by far-right extremist ideologies. King had been planning the attack for several months and was arrested after law enforcement discovered his intentions through extensive monitoring and intelligence work. This case highlighted the need to address the dangers of domestic extremism and the importance of implementing proactive measures to mitigate such threats.
Robert Doggart
Date: 2015
Location: New York
Story: Robert Doggart, an Army veteran, was arrested for planning an attack against a Muslim community in New York. Doggart had openly expressed anti-Muslim sentiments and was motivated by extremist beliefs. Doggart's plans included the use of firearms and explosives to carry out the attack. His situation highlighted the rise of anti-Muslim extremism in the U.S. and the potential for violence fueled by radical ideologies.
William McCants
Date: 2014
Location: Virginia
Story: U.S. Marine Corps veteran William McCants was arrested for attempting to carry out an attack at a military installation. His radicalization was linked to the extremist propaganda he consumed online. Authorities interrupted his plans before any violent act occurred, emphasizing the relevance of online radicalization and its influence on vulnerable individuals, as well as the importance of monitoring extremist content.
Evan Ebel
Date: March 2013
Location: Colorado
Story: Evan Ebel, a veteran U.S. soldier, was linked to a series of violent crimes, including the murder of a prison director in Colorado. Ebel's radicalization involved anti-government beliefs and connections with extremist groups. His actions raised serious concerns about the potential for outbreaks of violence among veterans who feel marginalized or disillusioned.
Nidal Hasan
Date: November 5, 2009
Location: Fort Hood, Texas
Story: U.S. Army Major Nidal Hasan carried out a mass shooting at Fort Hood, resulting in 13 deaths. Hasan had expressed extremist Islamic beliefs and frustrations regarding U.S. military operations in Muslim countries. His attack was classified as an act of terrorism and underscored the challenges inherent in recognizing and addressing radicalization within the armed forces.
Timothy McVeigh
Date: April 19, 1995
Location: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Story: Gulf War veteran Timothy McVeigh orchestrated the Oklahoma City bombing, which killed 168 people and injured hundreds. McVeigh was motivated by anti-government sentiments and a belief that the U.S. government was infringing on citizens' rights. His actions became one of the deadliest acts of domestic terrorism in U.S. history and highlighted the potential for radicalization among veterans with grievances against the government.
Other Attacks by Military Members
In addition to the mentioned cases, there have been other incidents where military members have attacked their fellow soldiers or civilians, both inside and outside of the United States:
Fort Hood Shooting (2014): A former Army soldier, Ivan Lopez, opened fire at Fort Hood base in Texas, killing 3 people and injuring 16 others. This attack was the result of mental health issues and a history of violent behavior, raising questions about veterans' well-being and their reintegration into civilian life.
Armed Forces Recruitment Center Shooting (2015): A former Marine member, Muhammad Youssef Abdulazeez, carried out an attack at a military recruiting center in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he killed five service members. This attack was considered an act of domestic terrorism, evidencing the threat posed by extremisms, even from within the military ranks.
Washington Military Base Shooting (2013): Aaron Alexis, a former Navy member, carried out an attack at the Washington Navy Yard, killing 12 civilians. Alexis had a history of mental health issues, and his attack highlighted concerns about security at military facilities and the psychological health of veterans.
Signs of Radicalization in Veterans and Active Military
Radicalization among veterans and active military personnel may present specific signs related to their context and experiences. Below are signals that may indicate that a veteran or active military member is in the process of radicalization:
Behavioral Changes: Isolation from fellow service members and friends, preferring solitude or extreme groups. More aggressive or defiant attitudes towards authority and institutions.
Interests and Activities: Increased interest in extremist ideologies, especially those criticizing military or government policies. Active participation in online forums and social media promoting extremism.
Beliefs and Opinions: Adoption of an "us versus them" mentality, especially concerning other ethnic, religious, or ideological groups. Justification of violence as a means to resolve conflicts or achieve political goals.
Changes in Daily Routine: Alterations in daily life, such as abandoning activities they used to enjoy. Decreased interest in personal wellness and mental health.
Communication: Use of violent or extremist language in conversations, both in-person and online. Spreading conspiracy theories related to the government or military.
Increased Frustration and Anger: Constant expression of frustration with the government, the Armed Forces, or society in general. Feelings of betrayal or disillusionment with defense and national security policies.
Social Associations: Forming new friendships with individuals who share extremist beliefs. Disconnecting from service members who do not share their new beliefs.
Interest in Violence: Growing fascination with acts of terrorism or political violence. Planning or fantasizing about violent acts in the name of a cause.
Extreme Military Identity: Development of an identity that combines military pride with extremist ideologies. Use of extremist symbols or insignia related to their military experience.
Rejection of Social Norms: Disdain for laws and social norms, promoting a vision of radical change in society. Denial of the legitimacy of government and military institutions.
Online Interactions: Increased activity on platforms promoting extremism. Participation in discussions that incite hatred or violence against certain groups.
Disconnection from Reality: Development of irrational beliefs that justify violence and extremism. Denial of reality regarding civilian life and reintegration.
How Government, Community, and Hospital Organizations Can Collaborate
Preventing acts of radicalization and violence requires a collaborative approach between the government, community organizations, hospitals, and internet and social media companies. Below are some strategies:
Early Intervention and Support Programs: Developing programs that identify individuals at risk of radicalization, offering counseling and psychological support.
Training Mental Health Staff: Training health professionals on identifying signs of radicalization and appropriate intervention.
Collaboration with Digital Platforms: Working with internet companies to monitor and remove extremist content that may influence radicalization.
Awareness Campaigns: Conducting campaigns to educate about the risks of radicalization and how to seek help.
Building Support Networks: Fostering support networks among veterans and their families to mitigate isolation.
Interagency Collaboration: Establishing communication channels between government agencies and community organizations to facilitate risk identification.
Conclusion
The radicalization of former and current service members represents a serious threat to national security. It must be recognized that the United States has found itself at war engaging in various campaigns such as Iraq and Afghanistan from the early 2000s to the present. In particular, special forces personnel have been in combat multiple times, bringing consequences and mental disorders for which the U.S. government should take responsibility and provide more assistance to these soldiers. This phenomenon not only affects the individuals involved, but also has significant repercussions on social cohesion and community security. It is essential to acknowledge that radicalization can arise from traumatic experiences, mental health issues, and a feeling of alienation that many veterans may experience when reintegrating into civilian life. Implementing early intervention strategies, promoting support networks, and collaborating across sectors are essential for addressing this issue. Furthermore, continuous monitoring of platforms...Digital tools and education about the risks of extremism can help prevent radicalization before it becomes a tangible threat. Protecting national security requires a comprehensive approach that not only addresses the symptoms of radicalization but also deals with its underlying causes.
Credits:
The New York Times: Reports on the radicalization of former military personnel and its implications for national security.
The Washington Post: Articles analyzing cases of violence linked to former and active military members, as well as studies on the mental health of veterans.
Los Angeles Times: Reports on incidents of radicalization and the impact of extremist ideology on military communities.
The Guardian: Coverage of domestic extremism in the United States, including analysis of radical groups and their influence on former service members.
National Institute of Justice: Studies
Jesús Daniel Romero, of Venezuelan origin, joined the U.S. Navy in 1984 and graduated with a degree in Political Science from Norfolk State University. However, it wasn't until 1992 that Romero became a naval intelligence officer.
He served as an ocean commander in Panama from 1996 to 1999 and later in Hawaii, where he was an observation officer concerning China. In 2001, he was the policy director for the joint task force and led technical conversations with China, Myanmar, Cambodia, India, North Korea, and Vietnam.
After 37 years of service, Romero has been decorated by the Armed Forces, NATO, the Navy, and the Defense Service.
Romero witnessed the federal criminal case in the Eastern District of Texas against Debra Lynn Mercer-Erwin, president of Aircraft Guaranty LLC, who was responsible for supplying aircraft to Mexican and Colombian-Venezuelan cartels to transport cocaine from Colombia to the United States. The former commander worked to dismantle these operations until August 2022.
William Acosta is the founder and CEO of Equalizer Private Investigations & Security Services Inc. He has coordinated investigations related to international drug trafficking, money laundering, and homicides in the U.S. and other countries such as Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, England, and literally all of Latin America.
William has spent 10 years as a New York Police Investigator, 2 years in the Treasury Department, and 6 years in the U.S. Army with various international deployments on communications and intelligence issues.
CAREER AND EXPERIENCE
William Acosta, veteran international investigator, coordinated multijurisdictional investigations on drug trafficking, money laundering, and homicides in the United States and other countries.
Acosta's martial arts training in taekwondo has reached the 6th dan, practicing it traditionally as a lifestyle and not just for fighting.
The transition from police to private investigation allowed Acosta to make his own rules and choose clients after more than 20 years in the profession.
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